ABSTRACT
Steroids are a class of medicines with important physiological and pharmacological effects. In pharmaceutical industry, steroidal intermediates are mainly prepared through Mycobacteria transformation, and then modified chemically or enzymatically into advanced steroidal compounds. Compared with the "diosgenin-dienolone" route, Mycobacteria transformation has the advantages of abundant raw materials, cost-effective, short reaction route, high yield and environmental friendliness. Based on genomics and metabolomics, the key enzymes in the phytosterol degradation pathway of Mycobacteria and their catalytic mechanisms are further revealed, which makes it possible for Mycobacteria to be used as chassis cells. This review summarizes the progress in the discovery of steroid-converting enzymes from different species, the modification of Mycobacteria genes and the overexpression of heterologous genes, and the optimization and modification of Mycobacteria as chassis cells.
Subject(s)
Mycobacterium/metabolism , Steroids/metabolism , Phytosterols/metabolism , GenomicsABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effects of Rosa Laevigata Michx Flavoid( RLMF) and Rosa laevigata Michx Polysaccharose (RLMP) on expression of TRPV5 in IgA Nephropathy (IgAN) rat renal tissue. Methods Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups.The rat model of IgA nephropathy was induced by intragastric administration of bovine serumalbumin and injections of LPS and CC14.Eight weeks later,the rats with IgAN were treated with RLMF or RLMP (4 weeks), or normal saline.Rats was sacrificed at thirteenth weeks, and RNA was extracted from the kidney.Expression of TRPV5 in tubulointerstitial tissues were analyzed by fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR. Results After RFLP intervention,the expression levels of TRPV5 were markedly increased (P<0.01) than model control group,while decreased (P<0.05) than normal control group but had no significance with model control group after RFLF intervention. Conclusion TRPV5 expression is decreased in IgAN,and RLMP can adjust TRPV5 expression and improve renal function of IgAN.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its related diseases in Bengbu community residents. Methods 3246 residents aged from 25 to 74 years were chosen through cluster random sampling method, including 1459 males and 1787 females. MS and its related diseases were examined. Results (1) The prevalence rate and standardized rate of MS was 20. 5% and 16.0%, respectively, which reached higher level all over China. The prevalence rate of male and female was 22. 9% and 18. 6%, respectively. The highest prevalence rate occurred in presenium patients. (2)The prevalences of various metabolic diseases were increased with aging except for overweigh/obesity and MS (P<0.01). The prevalence of various metabolic diseases was 1 times higher in elderly patients than that in young patients, and the prevalence rate of MS in male and female increased to 2.8 times and 2.7 times, respectively. The prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus increased biggest, male to 7.9 times and female to 12.8 times compared with the original level. (3) The multiple components clustering rate of MS was high, only 33.8% of individuals had no metabolic disorder. Conclusions The prevalence rates of MS and its related diseases are high in Bengbu community residents. It is necessary to take comprehensive measures to prevent and control MS in community.
ABSTRACT
Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to examine PGC-1α mRNA expression in brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of rats. The results showed that the expression levels of PGC-1α mRNA in brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of obese rats were lower than those of the normal ones (all P<0.01). After high dose glucocorticoid treatment, the levels of PGC-1α mRNA expression in brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, both in normal and obese rats, were decreased significantly.